Multiplying fractions by whole numbers can seem daunting at first, but with a simple, foolproof method, it becomes a breeze! This guide is specifically designed for KS2 students (Key Stage 2 in the UK curriculum), breaking down the process step-by-step to build confidence and understanding. We'll explore the core concept and then tackle some practice problems.
Understanding the Fundamentals
Before diving into the multiplication, let's clarify what we're actually doing. When we multiply a fraction by a whole number, we're essentially adding that fraction to itself a certain number of times. For example, 3 x ½ means adding ½ + ½ + ½, which equals 3/2 or 1 ½.
Key Concept: The whole number acts as a multiplier, telling us how many times to add the fraction.
The Foolproof Method: Three Easy Steps
This method works every time, regardless of the fraction or whole number involved.
Step 1: Rewrite the Whole Number as a Fraction
Every whole number can be written as a fraction. Simply put the whole number over 1. For example:
- 3 becomes 3/1
- 5 becomes 5/1
- 10 becomes 10/1
Step 2: Multiply the Numerators (Top Numbers)
Multiply the numerator of your fraction by the numerator of your whole number (which is now a fraction).
Step 3: Multiply the Denominators (Bottom Numbers)
Multiply the denominator of your fraction by the denominator of your whole number (which is 1).
Let's Practice!
Let's work through a few examples using our foolproof method:
Example 1: 4 x 2/5
- Rewrite as Fractions: 4/1 x 2/5
- Multiply Numerators: 4 x 2 = 8
- Multiply Denominators: 1 x 5 = 5
- Answer: 8/5 (This can be simplified to 1 3/5)
Example 2: 6 x 3/4
- Rewrite as Fractions: 6/1 x 3/4
- Multiply Numerators: 6 x 3 = 18
- Multiply Denominators: 1 x 4 = 4
- Answer: 18/4 (This can be simplified to 4 ½)
Example 3: 2 x 1/8
- Rewrite as Fractions: 2/1 x 1/8
- Multiply Numerators: 2 x 1 = 2
- Multiply Denominators: 1 x 8 = 8
- Answer: 2/8 (This can be simplified to ¼)
Simplifying Fractions
Often, your answer will need simplifying. To simplify a fraction, find the highest common factor (HCF) of both the numerator and the denominator and divide both by that number. For example, in 8/4, the HCF is 4, so 8 ÷ 4 = 2 and 4 ÷ 4 = 1, resulting in a simplified fraction of 2/1 or 2.
Mastering Fractions: Key Takeaways
By consistently applying these three steps, you’ll confidently multiply fractions by whole numbers. Remember to practice regularly and don't hesitate to ask for help if you get stuck. With enough practice, this will become second nature! Now go forth and conquer those fractions!
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